Maintenance culture medium and inoculum based on peach palm leaves for Pleurotus spp. production / Meio de manutenção e inóculo a partir de folhas de pupunheira para a produção de Pleurotus spp

This study evaluated the use of immersion water from peach palm leaves (PPLDA) as a component of the culture medium for the maintenance of Pleurotus spp. and the use of agricultural waste, peach palm leaves, as inoculum support for the fungi. The performance of the inoculum based on peach palm leaves (PPL) for the production of Pleurotus spp. fruiting bodies was compared with that using wheat grains (WG) as inoculum support. PPLDA culture medium (immersion water of peach palm leaves, dextrose, and agar) showed a lower radial velocity of mycelial growth for both fungi than that obtained with the culture medium WDA (wheat extract, dextrose and agar), commonly used as maintenance medium for Pleurotus spp. However, the type of inoculum support does not significantly influence the linear velocity of P. ostreatus mycelial growth, reaching 6.71 mm/day on wheat grains and 6.18 mm/day on peach palm leaves. Thus, when the inoculum based on peach palm leaves is utilized, the immersion water used for preparing this support can be used for preparing the PPLDA maintenance culture medium, diminishing the production costs of Pleurotus mushrooms. Data also showed that when Pleurotus sajor-caju was cultivated on peach palm leaves, using PPL as inoculum support, the fruiting bodies production parameters (Y = 47%, BE = 3% and Pr = 0.2 g/day) did not differ from that obtained using WG.(AU)

Este trabalho avaliou a utilização da água de imersão das folhas de pupunheira como componente do meio de cultivo para manutenção da cepa fúngica e a produção de inóculo de Pleurotus spp. utilizando como suporte folhas de pupunheira, um resíduo agrícola. Ainda, para verificar a capacidade do inóculo à base de folhas de pupunheira (FP) de produzir corpos frutíferos, foi realizado um experimento comparando FP com o inóculo à base de grãos de trigo (GT). Para tanto, realizou-se a comparação das velocidades de crescimento radial entre o meio de cultivo TDA (extrato de trigo, dextrose e ágar) utilizado para a manutenção de fungos do gênero Pleurotus e o meio FPDA (água de imersão de folhas de pupunheira, dextrose e ágar), e a comparação das velocidades de crescimento linear entre os grãos de trigo, utilizados como suporte para o inóculo de fungos do gênero Pleurotus e as folhas de pupunheira. O meio de cultivo TDA apresentou velocidade radial superior ao meio FPDA para as duas espécies, no entanto, o tipo de suporte não influenciou significativamente a velocidade de crescimento linear de P. ostreatus , que apresentou 6,71 mm/dia em grãos de trigo e 6,18 mm/dia em folhas de pupunheira. Assim, quando o inóculo à base de folhas de pupunheira é utilizado, a água de imersão deste suporte pode ser aproveitada para a confecção do meio de cultivo de manutenção (FPDA), diminuindo os custos produção. Observou-se que Pleurotus sajor-caju , quando cultivado em folhas de pupunheira utilizando inóculo FP, apresentou cerca de 47% de rendimento, 3% de eficiência biológica e 0,2 g/dia de produtividade, sem diferença significativa com o inóculo GT.(AU)

Extracellular polysaccharide production by a strain of Pleurotus djamor isolated in the south of Brazil and antitumor activity on Sarcoma 180

Polysaccharides with medicinal properties can be obtained from fruiting bodies, mycelium and culture broth of several fungus species. This work was carried out in batch culture using a stirred tank reactor with two different initial glucose concentrations (40-50 g/L) and pH values (3.0-4.0) to enhance extracellular polysaccharides production by Pleurotus djamor UNIVILLE 001 and evaluate antitumor effect of intraperitonial administration of Pleurotus djamor extract on sarcoma 180 animal model. According to factorial design, the low pH value (pH 3.0) led to a gain of 1.6 g/L on the extracellular polysaccharide concentration, while glucose concentration in the tested range had no significant effect on the concentration of polysaccharide. With 40 g/L initial glucose concentration and pH 3.0, it was observed that yield factor of extracellular polysaccharide on substrate (Y P/S = 0.072) and maximum extracellular polysaccharide productivity (Q Pmax = 11.26 mg/L.h) were about 188% and 321% respectively higher than those obtained in the experiment performed at pH 4.0. Under these conditions, the highest values of the yield factor of biomass on substrate (Y X/S = 0.24) and maximal biomass productivity (Q Xmax = 32.2 mg/L.h) were also reached. In tumor response study, mean tumor volume on the 21th day was 35.3 cm³ in untreated group and 1.6 cm³ in treated group (p = 0.05) with a tumor inhibition rate of 94%. These impressive results suggests an inhibitory effect of P.djamor extract on cancer cells.